県立長崎シーボルト大学比較文化論

県立長崎シーボルト大学　比較文化論　－2004年度　授業日程表

テーマ：源氏物語の「色」と「愛」 Love and Lust in The Tale of Genji Kenneth L. Richard

WEEK ONE General Introduction: Why Literature? Why Art? Why Music? What is Fiction? What is Comparative Culture? 序説：なぜ文学は存在するのか？なぜ美術が残るのか？なぜ音楽は心を和めるのか？虚構という事は何なのか？比較文化とは何なのか？

Reference Texts 参考文献 and Images：

General Introduction to the Eras of Japanese Literature and Concepts of Literature (English)　日本文学序説・文学概念一般

Video - The Power of Music and Dance Against Terror: Yo-yo Ma and Bando Tamasaburo 'Struggle for Hope' Bach Cello Suite No. 5. Toronto: Rhombus Media, 1995.　ビデオ

Music from France at the time of The Tale of Genji: Miracles of Notre Dame Poems in praise of the Virgin set by Gautier de Coincy, (1177-1236) music CD The Harp Consort, Harmonia Mundi 2003. The following tracks will be played: 1.) Cui donrai je mes amours (To whom shall I dedicate my love) 私の愛情をどなたにか上ぐべき、2.) Amours qui bien set enchanter (Love, that well knows how to enchant) 愛よ、そのよく誘惑するもの、　6.) Efforcier m'estuet ma voiz quant de celui me souvient (I must sing with all my force when I remember her) 彼女を記憶さすには声の力をもっとも出すべし、10.) D'une amour quoie et serie chanter vueil seriement ( I will sing quietly of a calm and peaceful love) おとなしい、平和な愛を静かに歌う、16.) Ja pour yver, pour noif ne pour gelee (Winter, snow or ice, matter little to me) 真冬に、雪にも氷にも怖がらない Text: page 1, page 2, page 3, page 4.　　日本語訳

Examples of romantic love and lust from the opera 'Tristan und Isolde' (1856-1859) First performed at the Hofoper, Munich June 10, 1865, by Richard Wagner (1813-1883) DVD Kollo-Meier-Salminen-Becht-Schunk-Schwarz, Bayreuther Festspiele, Daniel Barenboim/ Jean-Pierre Ponnelle, Phillips 1983 Scenes from Act I (Section 16-17) The marriage of Isolde and King Mark, Act II (Sections 24-27) Tristan and Isolde drink the love potion, and Act III (Sections 11-14) End. The 'Liebestod' (Love Death) of Isolde. （日本語字幕）

WEEK TWO Introduction to The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu. 「源氏物語」　紫式部著の紹介

Reference Texts and Images:

Guidance Videos I and II: An Introduction to the Main Characters and Story Line of The Tale of Genji.　ビデオ

List of Chapter Sections and Main Characters from Guidance Videos.　（English and Japanese)

The Tale of Genji Chapter Finding List for Original Text, Modern Japanese Translations, and English Translations. (English and Japanese)

WEEK THREE The Tale of Genji -Approaches to Critical Analysis「源氏物語」批評への序説

Reference Texts and Images:

"男装の母”としての光源氏ーーテロリストとしての紫式部　（日本語）"Genji as a Transvestite Mother and Murasaki Shikibu as a Terrorist" by Kenneth L. Richard

Mama Trauma in The Tale of Genji-Murasaki and the Process of Writing by Kenneth L. Richard (English)

WEEK FOUR TOG 1-6 Genji-Fujitsubo-Reizei Cycle Part I - The Life of an Amorous Young Prince若き好色一代の皇子ー光る源氏　How Genji becomes separate from normal society.源氏が社会より疎んじられる。キーワード：誕生、近親相姦、秘密

Birth - Kiritsubo,

Incest - Fujitsubo,

Secrecy - Reizei,

資料分権(日本語）：

阿部秋生、秋山虔編　１９７０．「源氏物語ー日本古典文学全集１２」小学館　９３－９６、１０６－０７、１２５－２６、１６６－６７、１７０－７１、３０４－０６ Reading 1 (Kiritsubo). On Genji's mother Kiritsubo. Reading 2 (Kiritsubo). Genji's birth and mother's regrets. Reading 2e (Kiritsubo). Reading 3 (Kiritsubo). Nurse Myobu to Kiritsubo's mother after the death. Reading 4 (Kiritsubo). Genji transfers his feelings to Fujitsubo. Reading 5 (Kiritsubo). Genji obsesses about Fujitsubo. Reading 6 (Hahakigi). Genji's mind responds to other's opinions. Reading 7 (Wakamurasaki). Genji's first real meeting with Fuitsubo. Reading 7e (Wakamurasaki) [Poems: Genji-Fujitsubo].

WEEK FIVE TOG 7-13 Genji-Fujitsubo-Reizei Cycle Part II - The Irony of Marriage, the Secrecy of Illegitimacy, the Trauma of Estrangement. 結婚の目出度さが覆されて、不義の誕生を隠しながら、社会より疎んじられる外傷。キーワード：擬し結婚、不義と誕生、秘密と外傷

Birth - Reizei

Incest - Fujitsubo

Secrecy - Genji and Fujitsubo

資料文献 (日本語）：

安部秋生、秋山虔編　１９７０．　「源氏物語一日本古典文学全集１２-13」小学館：３９６－４００、４２２－２５、９９－１０５、１７０－７２．Reading 1A, Reading 1B, Reading 1C [Poems:Genji-Myobu] Reading 1D (Momiji no Ga) Reizei is born, Genji has prayers said for the safety of the child, Fujitsubo anguishes. Reading 2 A, Reading 2B [Poem:Fujitsubo](Hana no En) Fujitsubo's interior grief at seeing Genji in the Spring festival of cherry blossoms. Reading 3A, Reading 3B (Sakaki) Fujitsubo says prayers to protect the child, and herself from the world's view, as Genji tries to creep into her chamber. Reading 4A, Reading 4B, Reading 4C Reading 4D[Poems:Genji-Fujitsubo] (Sakaki) Genji creeps into Fujitsubo's chamber for an exchange of poems, very taboo and extraordinary meeting. Reading 5A, Reading 5B [Poems:Fujitsubo-Genji] (Suma) Genji's final meeting with Fujitsubo before he leaves Kyoto for a two year exile in Suma and Akashi

WEEK SIX TOG 14-21 Genji-Fujitsubo-Reizei Cycle Part III - The Death of Love, but not of Secrecy, as Fujitsubo dies, leaving Genji to Face the Legacy he has Created. 愛が死ぬが、秘密が生き残る藤壺の最後：源氏が男装の母として冷泉帝に直面する。キーワード：死、秘密、男装の母

Death - Fujitsubo

Secrecy - Reizei

Transvestite Mother - Genji

資料文献（日本語）：

阿部秋生、秋山虔編１９７０．「源氏物語ー日本古典文学 1A, Reading 1B (Usugumo) Genji meets Fujitsubo for the last time. Reading 1C, Reading 1D, Reading 1E, Reading Genji] (Usugumo) Fujitsubo dies, Genji and the whole world grieve. Genji is left with an onerous secret. Reading 2A, Reading 2B, Reading 2C, Reading 2D, Reading 2E (Usugumo) Emperor Reizei finds out the secret of his birth. Reading 2F, Reading 2G (Usugumo) Reizei indicates to Genji that the wishes to give up his status as Emperor, give it to Genji. Genji, of course, refuses. A full circle of narrative comes to a close with the revealing of the secret, but it is a secret that cannot ever be completely revealed. Reizei must continue to play a masquerade, Genji must go on living without the benefits of being an actual Emperor. ケネス・リチャード　’「源氏物語」におけるママ・トラウ in 平河輔広編　１９９９．「日本の母ー崩壊と再生」新曜社： 3A, Reading 3B The pattern of male transvestism in the story of Genji-Fujitsubo-Reizei (Japanese). Kenneth L. Richard "Mama Trauma in The Tale of Genji"in Tsuruta, Kinya ed. 1997. Mothers in Japanese Literature, Univ. of British Columbia: 11-12. Reading 4A, Reading 4B Schema for Transvestite Mothering in the story of Genji-Fujitsubo-Reizei (English). 全集１３」小学館：４３３－４４５．Reading 1F[Poem: マー”男装の母”としての光源氏２７９－８０。Reading

WEEK SEVEN TOG 22-33 The Tamakazura Story-Part I. How the Young Tamakazura Strikes at the Established Social Order of Genji's Walled Estate. Genji's Dream Realm: His Rokujo no in. 玉鬘物語第一部。光る源氏を囲む、閉ざされた城壁をぶっ壊す若き玉鬘。源氏の夢の世界：六条の院。キーワード：完全と不完全の闘争（男装の母兼ねて恋人としての光る源氏、架空近親相姦、母の因果を敵討つ女性。Key Words:

Perfection versus Imperfection - Genji as a Transvestite Mother/Lover

Fictionalized Incest - Genji

Avenging a Mother's Fate - Tamakazura

資料文献(日本語）：

阿部秋生・秋山虔編。１９７０　「源氏物語ー日本古典文学全集１１、１３」小学館：１１：２３８－４１、１３：72-77、１１６－１７。三田村雅子編。１９９９’源氏物語’ー週刊朝日百科「世界の文学」　２４朝日新聞社：８－１１２－１１３（六条院復元図）Reading 1A, Reading 1B, Reading 1C, Reading 1D (Yugao) The Death of Yugao and beginning of the Tamakazura story. Reading 2A, Reading 2B (Otome) The Rokujo estate and its inhabitants. Reading 3A, Reading 3B [Poems: Akikonomu-Murasaki] (Otome) An amusing tale of narrative prowess in the Rokujo estate: Murasaki confronts the Empress. Reading 4A, Reading 4B The rarified world of the Rokujo estate- a map. Reading 5A, Reading 5B (Tamakazura) How Genji rationalizes his situation to want to invite Tamakazura to come live in his dream realm.

WEEK EIGHT TOG 34-41 The Tamakazura Story-Part II. Genji as a Middle-Aged Paramour Wannabe. Tamakazura is Cornered at the Rokujo Estate, But Her Natural Wit Allows her to Wiggle Away, even as Genji Forces himself on her. Tamakazura Survives at Palace, then Marries for Convenience to Get Away from Genji's advances. She Survives, Avenges, but does not Destroy Genji's world completely. She leaves that for him to do. Key Words: Avenger, Survival. 玉鬘物語第二部。中年求愛の光源氏。仮の親（男装の母）役を演じながら、源氏が恋人でもあり続きたい役割をいやな程度まで果たす。キーワード：敵討ち、生き長らえ。

Avenger or Savior? - Tamakazura

Mother or Lover? - Genji

Survival - Tamakazura

資料文献(日本語）：

阿部秋生・秋山虔編　１９７０「源氏物語ー日本古典文学全集１３」小学館：１６６－８０、３０５－０８、３４５－４６. Reading 1A, Reading 1B [Poem: Kashiwagi](Kocho) Genji plays gobetween in a game of catch the groom in which he hopes to win. Reading 2A, Reading 2B, Reading 2C [Poems: Genji-Tamazakura], Reading 2D (Kocho) Genji makes his first play for Tamakazura's affections, asking her to think of him as a surrogate mother. Reading 3A [Poem:Genji], Reading 3B [Poem: Tamakazura], Reading 3C, Reading 3D (Kocho) Genji forces his attentions on Tamakazura. She repulses him, yet keeps her dignity. Reading 4A, Reading 4B, Reading 4C[Poem:Genji] (Miyuki) A bit of fun as Genji sees that Tamakazura is introduced into palace service which she soon leaves. Here Murasaki Shikibu provides a bit of much needed comic relief to the otherwise suffocating situation of Genji's impossible regard for Tamakazura.She allows Genji to make fun of most of his female charges, and all of it is true! Reading 5A [Poems: Genji-Tamakazura], Reading 5B (Makibashira) Genji pays a visit on Tamakazura once the situation has resolved. They exchange poems. Genji makes clear that he has abandoned his amorous intent as well as his transvestite motherdom. Tamakazura stops being a central figure to Murasaki's story. The Tamakazura Story comes to an end even though the central figure lives on long after.

WEEK NINE TOG 9, 14,17, 24, 33, 35. The Genji-Rokujo-Akikonomu Story. A father, mother, powerful political figure, pseudo-Emperor, engages in a game of serial transvestite surrogacy. The lady Rokujo represents the generation before Genji's birth. He seeks to capture its glory. He attempts to love and protect his high-born connection to kingship, but she squirms out of his way. Genji then transfers his attentions to the daughter, becomes her guardian, a transvestite mother again, until he weds her to his son Reizei. She becomes Empress. Genji recaptures his lost kingship. Rokujo suffers most in this story; her spirit wanders unwittingly, possessing its female victims, killing them. Genji and Akikonomu's world blossoms as a result. Key Words: Possession and Death, Transvestism, Art and Politics, Restoration, Beauty and Culture. 光源氏ー六条御息所ー秋好む中宮物語。父であり、男装の母であり、準天皇でもある光る源氏が前世、現世、来世３代にわたる、連続性王権を奪い握る。キーワード：祟り、死、男装、美術の政治ー政治の美術、王権の美と文化。

Possession and Death - Rokujo's soul on the loose

Transvestism - Genji molds Akikonomu to be Empress

Politics Expressed as Art and Beauty - Genji as pseudo-Emperor in an ideal world

参考文献　（日本語）：

阿部秋生、秋山虔編　１９７０．「源氏物語ー日本古典文学全集　１２，１３，１４」小学館：３１－３３、２９９－３０３、３６６－７２、１６３－６６、４４５-４６、１５６－５８。Reading 1A, Reading 1B [Poem: Mono no ke], Reading 1C (Aoi) Genji confronts Rokujo's wandering spirit as it seizes upon his wife in childbirth. Reading 2A, Reading 2B, Reading 2C, Reading 2D, Reading 2E (Miotsukushi) Genji steals away Rokujo's daughter Akikonomu as her mother dies. Reading 3A, Reading 3B, Reading 3C [Poems: Murasaki no ue-Genji], Reading 3D (E-Awase) Empress Akikonomu's beautiful picture contest in which both she and Genji triumph. Reading 4A, Reading 4B, Reading 4C[Poems: Heinaishi-Migi no suke-Fujitsubo] (E-Awase) Akikonomu's intelligence pitted against Genji. Reading 5A, Reading 5B [Poem: Murasaki no ue], Reading 5C [Poem: Akikonomu](Kocho) Beautiful scene at the Rokujo no In in which the Empress is seen to be the sacred focal point of Genji's world, while he, thus assumes control of both his secular realm and the sacred realm. The sacred and the profane fuse. Reading 6 (Fuji no Uraba) Reizei, Genji's son, with Akikonomu at his side, confers upon Genji the title of Emperor. Reading 7A, Reading 7B, Reading 7C (Wakana-ge) Reizei abdicates, a new era ensues in which Akikonomu and Genji retire to lives of power behind the scene.

Smithsonian's Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Exhibition: "Iraq and China: Ceramics, Trade and Innovation"

Chinese Romanticism - The Peony Pavilion (Mudan Ting 1598) 明朝　牡丹亭　by Tang Xianzu (1550-1616)　湯顕祖　 Video: The Peony Pavilion (Mudan Ting) Produced by the Lincoln Center Festival, New York and the Festival D'Automne A Paris Abridged Version, narrated by Robert Powell. 2000. MMI Image Entertainment, Inc. Main Characters 中央登場人物： Du Bao 社宝、father of Liniang, Du Liniang 社麗娘, beautiful daughter who dies of love,　Liu Mengmei 柳夢梅, hansome young scholar who falls in love with Liniang, Spring Fragrance 春香, Liniang's maid. Order of video scenes: 1.) The Lessons 訓女、２.）The Tutor To a Curtained Lady　閨塾、3.) Father Du Bao in the streets. A new or restored scene?, 4.) The Interrupted Dream 驚夢　Liniang's fantasy in the garden. Mengmei appears in her dream, 5.) The Taoist Monk makes the dream actually happen to meet a handsome man 言懐, 6.) Pursuing the Dream 尋夢　Liniang returns to the garden, and the next day, 7.) The Portrait Likeness 写真Liniang, sick at heart, decides to paint a portrait of herself for Mengmei (musicians only), 8.) Military Episode-Barbarians plan to attack Hangzhou and West Lake, 9.) Du Liniang dies 離魂、10.) Liu Mengmei starts on his journey Meets tutor Chen who advises him to rest in the Plum Nunnery 旅寄、11.) The Judgement-Liniang called before the judges of Hell. Quizzed as to whether she is married to a 'willow' or to a 'plum', she is sent back to the world of the living to be reunited with Liu Mengmei whose name means 'willow dreaming of a plum’地府, 12.) Madame Du, Liniang's mother, longs for her daughter 憧女, 13.)Liu Mengmei fins the portrait scroll (musicians only) 給画、14.) The portrait comes alive. Liniang sings her love to Mengmei. The ghost flees　幽媾, 15.)Military scene. Du's father involved in a potential invasion of his homeland　淮驚、16.) Liniang reveals to Mengmei that she is a ghost　冥誓, 17.) Liniang is resurrected from the Taoist Nunnery garden. She flees the open grave with Liu Mengmei　回生, 18.) Military scene- a battle ensues　折冠, 19.) Mengmei must leave to study for the official examinations 婚走, 20.) Madame Du in danger, a military scene, 21.) Liniang is reunited with her mother as she flees the scene of her invaded city, and tells her of her husband Mengmei 遇母, 22.) Town criers say that Mengmei has been playing with prostitutes 索元 , 23.) Mengmei is beaten by Father Du Bao for being a grave robber, and for being a playboy when actually he has been away to take the official examinations 硬拷, 24.) Mengmei is reunited, as an official now, with Liniang. The Imperial edict of promotion is read, and Father Du promotes the marriage and forgives Mengmei 圓駕.

WEEK TEN TOG 34-37 The Genji-San no Miya-Kaoru Story Part I. The Success Story Comes to an End. Genji's brother, the retired Emperor Suzaku, wishes to arrange for his daughter's marriage. Genji is forced to acquiese and marry again, despite his protests, to Suzaku's 3rd daughter San no Miya, a mere child. Frustrated by Genji's lack of attention, San no Miya trysts with Kashiwagi, a close friend of the family. She bears his child who is known as Kaoru. Genji is now the recipient of the story he enacted with Fujitsubo. The narrative is one of complicated irony: level A which initiates the story along the lines of early narratives centering on Hikaru Genji, and level B of double irony that perverts the Genji narrative into a second generation story. Genji can no longer initiate the story, even though it still revolves around him. Keywords: Generational conflict, Marriage by default, Cuckolding, Birth.

Generational Conflict-Hikaru Genji with his son Yugiri and with San no Miya

Marriage by Default-San no Miya

Cuckolding-Genji by Kashiwagi

Birth-Kaoru, a son who is not a son

参考文献(日本語）：

阿部秋生、秋山虔編　１９７４「源氏物語ー日本古典文学全集　１５」　小学館：３８－４５、５５－５８、２１３－１７、２８８－９１、３０４－０８、３３６－３９．Reading 1A, Reading 1B, Reading 1C, Reading 1D, Reading 1E, Reading 1F, Reading 1G (Wakana-jo) Genji hear's out his step brother the Emperor Suzaku and agrees to take his daughter San no Miya in marriage. Reading 2A, Reading 2B, Reading 2C, Reading 2D[Poems: Murasaki no ue-Genji] (Wakana-jo) Genji performs his duty as a new groom for the necessary three nights, then abandons his new wife. Reading 3A, Reading 3B, Reading 3C, Reading 3D (Wakana-ge)Kashiwagi enlists San no Miya's maid Kojiju to sneak him into her lady's room. Reading 4A, Reading 4B, Reading 4C, Reading 4D(Kashiwagi) San no Miya gives birth to a son Kaoru with great stress. Reading 5A, Reading 5B, Reading 5C, Reading 5D (Kashiwagi) Genji's son Yugiri comforts Kashiwagi, Kaoru's biological father, on his death bed. Reading 6A, Reading 6B[Poem: Genji] (Yokobue) Genji suffers as he sees Kaoru, knowing that he can never be a good father, nor can he enact his more normal role as a transvestite mother.

WEEK ELEVEN TOG 42,45,49 The Genji-San no Miya-Kaoru Story Part II. Hikaru Genji's role as transvestite mother, the success of his progeny and adopted heirs, is cut short first by Murasaki no Ue's death, then by his own. Run astray by circumstance and by his own doubting soul, Kaoru proceeds, not along the path of discovery, recovery, and success, but of denial, retrogression, and failure. Kaoru is Japan's first fictional anti-hero; the best part of his life has already finished at his birth. Everything seems turned upside down twice in these chapters; double irony as Kaoru attempts to play the role of transvestite mother with his biological mother, play the role of father confessor to his potential paramours, the Uji sisters. Kaoru seems more in love with their father and with the Buddhist law, than with them. When, finally, Kaoru does marry, he moves his bride into quarters with his mother, next to a chapel. Kaoru has led a life without sex, without success, without compassion, and now, without faith. Key words: Doubt, Revelation, Denial, Failure.

Doubt-Kaoru from the beginning

Revelation-Kashiwagi's legacy to Kaoru

Denial-Kaoru in self-denial

Failure-Kaoru fails his final challenge: marriage

参考文献（日本語）

阿部秋生、秋山虔編　１９７５．「源氏物語ー日本古典文学全集　１６」　小学館：１７－１９、１２４－２７、１５０－５７、４６２－６４、４７３－７４．Reading 1A, Reading 1B [Poem: Kaoru], Reading 1C (Niou miya) Kaoru, though he stays close to his mother, begins to entertain serious doubts about the true identity of his father. Reading 2A, Reading 2B (Hashihime) Kaoru seeks the friendship of Prince Hachi in Uji whom he feels with give him solace in the Buddhist law and perhaps answer his eternal question: who am I? Reading 3A, Reading 3B, Reading 3C, Reading 3D, Reading 3E (Hashihime) Kaoru seeks out a serving woman, Ben, who reveals to him how her father Kashiwagi had been introduced to his mother. She gives him a few of Kashiwagi's impassioned letters, and a bag of his personal effects. Reading 4A [Poem: Kashiwagi], Reading 4B [Poem: Kashiwagi] (Hashihime) Kaoru reads his father's letters. Reading 5A, Reading 5B (Yadorigi) It is arranged that Kaoru will marry lady Ni no miya, a daughter of the reigning Emperor amid great fanfare, but the marriage is never consummated. Reading 6 (Yadorigi) Kaoru takes his wife home to mother, and that is the end of the story cycle.

WEEK TWELVE TOG 50-54. Suicide, Amnesia, and the Bobbing Boat. The Kaoru-Ukifune Story. With Prince Hachi now dead, his daughter Oigimi to whom Kaoru turned first as a substitute for her father also among the dead, and his other daughter Naka no kimi now successfully married to Niou miya and thus beyond Kaoru's grasp, he embarks once again on a slippery journey, for the last time sliding down the slope of substitution on which he hopes to lose himself, sliding away from the reality of his lack of a father, lack of emotional attachment. Kaoru, himself already lost, comes upon an unwanted daughter of Prince Hachi, one Ukifune by name. Placed in the foster care of Naka no kimi at her house in the capital, her husband Niou miya soon hears of Ukifune and proceeds to conquer her sexually. All the while, Kaoru continues to plead his suit with Ukifune on a purely emotional, unrequited level. Though Ukifune feels drawn to Kaoru for protection, she is also drawn to Niou for simple satisfaction. The polarities, love and lust, take center stage in Ukifune's life, setting her adrift as she says in her lovely poems, until finally the pressure mounts to a climax in which she removes herself physically and mentally from the vulgar world of her attachments. She is successful in this, while the rest of the mundane world fades into oblivion and amnesia. Kaoru recedes into catatonic life of longing for the Buddhist salvation he will never achieve, while Ukifune receives the ultimate prize in life - detachment, absolution, peace. On this note, The Tale of Genji comes to its complete end; beyond a world of non-attachment, Murasaki's narrative would need to enter a world of the afterlife, an eternal future. I believe that Murasaki felt she could not write such a narrative. She was too much a believer in finality, too skeptical of the religious life to believe in salvation. Keywords: Substitution (かたしろ), Feigned Suicide (疑死）、Intransigence of life of earth (儚さ）

参考文献　(日本語）

阿部秋生、秋山虔編　1975．「源氏物語ー日本古典文学全集　１７」小学館：４６－４８、７７－７８、１１５－１７、１２２－２５、１３６－３７、１４１－４３、１４５－４６、２０４－０６、２９０－９１、３６６－６８、３７７－７８．Reading 1A [Poems: Kaoru-Naka no kimi], Reading 1B (Azumaya) Naka no kimi seeks to entrust Ukifune to Kaoru. Reading 2 (Azumaya) Kaoru takes Ukifune away to Uji, but only to be closer to his renovation project at Prince Hachi's former residence, not to effect any kind of romance. Reading 3A, Reading 3B, Reading 3C (Ukifune) Ukifune's maid Ukon admits Prince Niou, in disguise as Kaoru, to her lady's rooms, knowing full well that Ukifune has already promised her fidelity to Kaoru. Reading 4A, Reading 4B[Poems: Niou-Ukifune] (Ukifune) Niou's second major encounter with Ukifune. They are now involved in a full-fledged affair of the flesh, but not of spirit. Ukifune is powerless to resist such physical needs. Reading 5 [Poems: Kaoru-Ukifune] (Ukifune) Kaoru and Ukifune in their love scene. Notice the lack of passion and the overriding fear of sex that pervades Kaoru's poem. Reading 6A, Reading 6B [Poems: Niou-Ukifune] (Ukifune) Niou abducts Ukifune to the Islet of Oranges in the middle of the Uji River, a romantic prelude to her attempted suicide in virtually the same place. Reading 7A, Reading 7B [Poems: Niou-Ukifune] (Ukifune) Kaoru complains while Niou moves the action closer to the breaking point at which Ukifune will try to escape him. Reading 8A, Reading 8B (Kagero) Kaoru's reaction to Ukifune's apparent death is one of indifference. Reading 9 [Poems: Ukifune] (Tenarai) Ukifune remembers, selectively, in her writing practice, the women in her life. Notice the absence of feeling for either of the men who had sought her affection. Reading 10A, Reading 10B (Yume no ukihashi) Kaoru gives us his view of what his life has meant. Obviously, women have not figured prominently as lovers. Reading 11 (Yume no ukihashi) Ukifune's reaction to Kaoru's last letter, delivered indirectly, is, finally, indifference. See the movie The Heiress from a novel by Henry James, with Olivia de Havilland for a similar turn of events.